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Polyacrylamide

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What Is Polyacrylamide
Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble linear polymer made of acrylamide (AM) monomer by free radical initiated polymerization, has good flocculation, can reduce the friction resistance between liquids, according to ionic properties can be divided into non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric type four types. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is insoluble in most organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, with the exception of a few polar organic solvents, such as acetic acid, acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid, ethylene glycol, glycerol, molten urea and formamide. However, the solubility of these organic solvents is limited and often requires heating, otherwise they have little application value. It can be dissolved in water in any proportion, and the aqueous solution is a homogeneous and transparent liquid. The size of molecular weight has little effect on the solubility, but when the concentration of the solution is higher than 10%, for high molecular weight polymers due to intermolecular hydrogen atoms bonding cooperation, can show a gel-like structure. High molecular weight solutions are pseudoplastic fluids.
Difference Between Cationic Polyacrylamide And Anionic Polyacrylamide
1.Structural characteristics
The structure of polyacrylamide cations is characterized by positively charged portions of the molecule, usually achieved by introducing amine groups or other functional groups with nitrogen atoms. These cationic portions are positively charged and can form a charge attraction with negatively charged substances to achieve effective adsorption.
The structure of polyacrylamide anions, on the other hand, is characterized by the negatively charged portion of the molecule, which is usually achieved by the introduction of carbonyl oxygens to form bonds with negative ions and ionic bonds with positive ions. These anionic parts are negatively charged and can form charge attraction with positively charged substances and have good solubility in water.
2.Application fields
Polyacrylamide cation has a wide range of applications in the fields of water treatment, paper pulp and oil field development. It can be used in water treatment as flocculant and precipitant, which can improve water quality and remove suspended matter. In pulp production, cationic polyacrylamide can increase the dry and tensile strength of pulp. In oilfield development, cationic polyacrylamide can be used as polymer oil repellent to increase oil well production.
Polyacrylamide anionic is mainly used in textile, printing and dyeing and pharmaceutical fields. It can be used as textile dyes, printing auxiliaries and soft hand feel improvers, and plays an important role in many aspects. In addition, anionic polyacrylamide has great potential for use in drug delivery and controlled release systems.
3. Performance differences
Polyacrylamide cationic and anionic also have some differences in performance. Cationic polyacrylamide has better flocculation and precipitation, can effectively remove suspended substances in water. Anionic polyacrylamide has better solubility, can form a stable solution in water, and has better wettability.
In addition, both cationic and anionic polyacrylamide have certain biocompatibility. In the pharmaceutical field, cationic or anionic polyacrylamide can be selected according to specific needs for drug delivery and controlled release.
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